在留

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Preface　11“person” or “P” but “alien” in older laws ;“alien”„Ausländer” (masculine)«étranger» (masculine)changes in the wording to unify the translation throughout this book regarding the main text and the right-hand columns of appended tables of the ICRRA, ICRRAER, LCMJO, etc. while referring to Ministry of Justice, Minister’s Secretariat, Judicial System Department, “Hourei Hon’yaku no Tebiki (Guidance of Translation of Japanese Laws and Regulations)” 2018, expression of the immigration laws and regulations of the United Kingdom and the United States, a dictionary of common laws, namely British and North American laws, a Japanese-English and an English-Japanese dictionary, and, the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (10th edition, 2020), each of which has a good reputation.As foreign legal terms meaning 「外国人（gaikokujin）」, the following words are used in the immigration laws of some English, German, and French speaking countries even though it is said that some of them sound quite negative, and someone says that “foreigner” is also a discriminatory expression though “Foreigner” is a name of a very famous British-American rock band, so it is not very easy to select an appropriate word as its English translation. However, I have decided to use “foreign national” in principle and occasionally substitute it with “applicant”, “one”, or “person”, or, their plural forms :United Kingdom United States In Japan it has been officially no longer used since the 1990s because it was mostly criticised, what might have come from the negative impression caused by a popular American film with the same title then, but such kind of very unusual reaction can be seen only in Japan and rarely even in the US. This word is generally used as a legal term even in academic literature both in the UK and in the US still now ;Germany It literally means “a person of an outer land” ;France This French word has the same origin as that of an English word “strange” with some negative impression compared with the synonym